Minggu, 30 November 2014

robot development


Contemporary uses of robot
Robots are growing in complexity and their use in industry is becoming more widespread. The main use of robots has so far been in the automation of mass production industries, where the same, definable, tasks must be performed repeatedly in
exactly the same fashion. Car production is the primary example of the employment of large and complex robots for producing products. Robots are used in that process for the painting, wedding and assembly of the cars. Robots are good for such tasks because the tasks can be accurately defined and must be performed the same every time, with little need for feedback to control the exact process being performed. Robots can be manufactured in a wide range of size and so can handle much large tasks than a human could. Robot are also useful in environments which are unpleasent or dangerous for human to work in, for example the cleaning of toxic waster, bomb disposal, work in space or underwater and a mining. Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) are moveable robots that used in large facilities such as warehouses, hospitals and container ports. For the movement of goods, or event for safety and security patrols. Such vehicles follow markers or guides to navigate around the location and can be programmed to move between places to deliver goods or patrol a certain area. Domestic robots are now available for performing simple tasks such a vacuum cleaning and grass cutting. By the end of 2004 over 1,000,000 vacuum cleanerrunits had been sold. Example of domestic robots are sony’s albo and Irobot’s scooba and roomba robots. Humanoid robotsare in development with the aim of being able to provide robotic functions in a from that may be more aesthetically pleasing to customers, thereby increasing the likelyhood of them being accepted in society. These robots fall within a field knows as social robots which aim to interact and provide companionship to people.
The development of a robot with a natural human or animal gail is incredibly difficult and requires a large amount of computational power. Now that background technologies of behavior, navigation and path planning have been solved using basic wheeled robots, roboticists are moving on to develop walking robots (eg. SIGMO, QRIO, Asimo & Hubo). This field of work is known as passive dynamics. Initial work has focused on multi-legged robots (eg. Aibo), such as hexapods, as they are statically stable and so are easier to work with, whereas a bipedal robot must be able to balance. The balancing problem is taken to an extreme by the robotic unicycle. A problem with the development of robots with natural gaits is that human and animal bodies utilise a very large number of muscles in movement and replicating all of those mechanically is very difficult and expensive. Progress is being made in the field of feedback and tactile sensor which allow of robot to sense their actions and adjust their behaviour accordingly. This is vital to enable robots to perform complex physical tasks that require some active control in response to the situation.

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